🎯
Infinitive (infinitivo)
Base form of the verb
tomar
🏃
Gerund (gerundio)
Present participle (-ing form)
tomando
📋
Past Participle
Used in compound tenses
tomado
Simple Tenses
⚡
Present Indicative (presente de indicativo)
Present actions and habitual activities
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
yo | tomo I take/drink |
tú | tomas you take/drink |
él/ella/usted | toma he/she/you take/drinks |
nosotros | tomamos we take/drink |
vosotros | tomáis you all take/drink |
ellos/ustedes | toman they/you all take/drink |
🕰️
Imperfect Indicative (imperfecto de indicativo)
Ongoing past actions and descriptions
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
yo | tomaba I used to take/drink |
tú | tomabas you used to take/drink |
él/ella/usted | tomaba he/she/you used to take/drink |
nosotros | tomábamos we used to take/drink |
vosotros | tomabais you all used to take/drink |
ellos/ustedes | tomaban they/you all used to take/drink |
📅
Preterit (pretérito)
Completed past actions
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
yo | tomé I take/drinked |
tú | tomaste you take/drinked |
él/ella/usted | tomó he/she/you take/drinked |
nosotros | tomamos we take/drinked |
vosotros | tomasteis you all take/drinked |
ellos/ustedes | tomaron they/you all take/drinked |
🔮
Future (futuro)
Future actions and intentions
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
yo | tomaré I will take/drink |
tú | tomarás you will take/drink |
él/ella/usted | tomará he/she/you will take/drink |
nosotros | tomaremos we will take/drink |
vosotros | tomaréis you all will take/drink |
ellos/ustedes | tomarán they/you all will take/drink |
🎯
Conditional (potencial simple)
Hypothetical and conditional actions
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
yo | tomaría I would take/drink |
tú | tomarías you would take/drink |
él/ella/usted | tomaría he/she/you would take/drink |
nosotros | tomaríamos we would take/drink |
vosotros | tomaríais you all would take/drink |
ellos/ustedes | tomarían they/you all would take/drink |
💭
Present Subjunctive (presente de subjuntivo)
Subjective present actions and desires
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
yo | tome that I take/drink |
tú | tomes that you take/drink |
él/ella/usted | tome that he/she/you take/drink |
nosotros | tomemos that we take/drink |
vosotros | toméis that you all take/drink |
ellos/ustedes | tomen that they/you all take/drink |
🌙
Imperfect Subjunctive (imperfecto de subjuntivo)
Subjective past actions and hypothetical situations
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
yo | tomara or tomase that I take/drinked |
tú | tomaras or tomases that you take/drinked |
él/ella/usted | tomara or tomase that he/she/you take/drinked |
nosotros | tomáramos or tomásemos that we take/drinked |
vosotros | tomarais or tomaseis that you all take/drinked |
ellos/ustedes | tomaran or tomasen that they/you all take/drinked |
Compound Tenses
✅
Present Perfect (perfecto de indicativo)
Actions completed recently or with present relevance
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
yo | he tomado I have take/drinked |
tú | has tomado you have take/drinked |
él/ella/usted | ha tomado he/she/you have take/drinked |
nosotros | hemos tomado we have take/drinked |
vosotros | habéis tomado you all have take/drinked |
ellos/ustedes | han tomado they/you all have take/drinked |
⏪
Pluperfect Indicative (pluscuamperfecto de indicativo)
Actions completed before another past action
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
yo | había tomado I had take/drinked |
tú | habías tomado you had take/drinked |
él/ella/usted | había tomado he/she/you had take/drinked |
nosotros | habíamos tomado we had take/drinked |
vosotros | habíais tomado you all had take/drinked |
ellos/ustedes | habían tomado they/you all had take/drinked |
📍
Preterit Perfect (pretérito anterior)
Actions completed immediately before another past action
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
yo | hube tomado I had take/drinked |
tú | hubiste tomado you had take/drinked |
él/ella/usted | hubo tomado he/she/you had take/drinked |
nosotros | hubimos tomado we had take/drinked |
vosotros | hubisteis tomado you all had take/drinked |
ellos/ustedes | hubieron tomado they/you all had take/drinked |
🎊
Future Perfect (futuro perfecto)
Actions that will be completed by a future time
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
yo | habré tomado I will have take/drinked |
tú | habrás tomado you will have take/drinked |
él/ella/usted | habrá tomado he/she/you will have take/drinked |
nosotros | habremos tomado we will have take/drinked |
vosotros | habréis tomado you all will have take/drinked |
ellos/ustedes | habrán tomado they/you all will have take/drinked |
🔄
Conditional Perfect (potencial compuesto)
Actions that would have been completed under certain conditions
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
yo | habría tomado I would have take/drinked |
tú | habrías tomado you would have take/drinked |
él/ella/usted | habría tomado he/she/you would have take/drinked |
nosotros | habríamos tomado we would have take/drinked |
vosotros | habríais tomado you all would have take/drinked |
ellos/ustedes | habrían tomado they/you all would have take/drinked |
💫
Subjunctive Present Perfect (perfecto de subjuntivo)
Subjective actions completed in relation to the present
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
yo | haya tomado that I have take/drinked |
tú | hayas tomado that you have take/drinked |
él/ella/usted | haya tomado that he/she/you have take/drinked |
nosotros | hayamos tomado that we have take/drinked |
vosotros | hayáis tomado that you all have take/drinked |
ellos/ustedes | hayan tomado that they/you all have take/drinked |
🌌
Subjunctive Past Perfect (pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo)
Subjective actions completed before another past action
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
yo | hubiera tomado that I had take/drinked |
tú | hubieras tomado that you had take/drinked |
él/ella/usted | hubiera tomado that he/she/you had take/drinked |
nosotros | hubiéramos tomado that we had take/drinked |
vosotros | hubierais tomado that you all had take/drinked |
ellos/ustedes | hubieran tomado that they/you all had take/drinked |
❗
Commands (imperativo)
Commands and direct orders
| Person | Command | English |
|---|---|---|
tú | toma | take/drink! (you) |
usted | tome | take/drink! (you formal) |
nosotros | tomemos | let's take/drink! |
vosotros | tomad | take/drink! (you all) |
ustedes | tomen | take/drink! (you all) |
🚫
Negative Commands (imperativo negativo)
Negative commands and prohibitions
| Person | Command | English |
|---|---|---|
tú | no tomes | don't take/drink! (you) |
usted | no tome | don't take/drink! (you formal) |
nosotros | no tomemos | let's not take/drink! |
vosotros | no toméis | don't take/drink! (you all) |
ustedes | no tomen | don't take/drink! (you all) |
More About "tomar"
Idiomatic Expressions
tomar en cuenta
to take into account
💡 Considering something in a decision or judgment
tomar en serio
to take seriously
💡 Treating something with proper attention and gravity
tomar el pelo
to pull someone's leg / to tease
💡 Joking with or teasing someone
tomar una decisión
to make a decision
💡 Deciding on a course of action
tomar medidas
to take measures/action
💡 Implementing steps to address something
tomar por sorpresa
to take by surprise / to catch off guard
💡 Surprising someone unexpectedly
Examples in Context
Tomo café todas las mañanas.
I drink coffee every morning.
Present
Tomé el autobús para ir al trabajo.
I took the bus to go to work.
Preterite
¿Quieres tomar algo?
Do you want to have something (to drink)?
Present
He tomado la decisión de mudarme.
I have made the decision to move.
Present Perfect
Tomaré vacaciones el próximo mes.
I will take vacation next month.
Future
Related Verbs
Usage Notes
- •Tomar is a regular -ar verb with multiple context-dependent meanings
- •Main meanings: to take, to drink, to have (food/drink)
- •In Latin America, "tomar" is the primary verb for drinking
- •In Spain, both "tomar" and "beber" are used for drinking
- •Use "tomar" (not "coger") in Latin America to mean "to take" - "coger" is vulgar there
- •Common with transportation: tomar el tren (to take the train)
- •Used for decisions and measures: tomar una decisión (to make a decision)
- •Can mean "to take" photos: tomar fotos (though "sacar" is also common)
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